Michelle is a PhD student using bioinformatics, a blend of biology and computer science, to study the genomes of the worst diseases plaguing our crops and is passionate about bringing scientific advances out where they can benefit people most. Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney He has published more than 60 scientific papers and won several national and international awards for his research. His research aims to understand how expectancies shape health outcomes via the placebo effect. Zirconium metal is produced commercially by firstly converting zircon to zirconium chloride, and then reducing the chloride with magnesium.Īnnual world wide production is around 9,00,000 tons.School of Psychology, University of Sydney.īen is an Associate Professor in the School of Psychology. It has been identified in the sun and meteorites by Analysis of lunar rock samples, which obtained during the various Apollo missions to the moon, show a surprisingly high zirconium oxide content, compared with terrestrial rocks. Zirconium is produced from the mineral zircon (ZrSiO4) and baddeleyite, and other 30 mineral species. Zirconia is a component in some abrasives, such as grinding wheels and sandpaper.īiological role: It has Low-toxicity Abundance of Zirconium It is so strong and flexible, that is also used in antiperspirants, cosmetics, food packaging and to make microwave filters. The impure oxide, zirconia (ZrO 2) is used in ultra-strong ceramics as a refractory material, which make Laboratory crucibles that will withstand heat shock, furnace linings, foundry bricks, abrasives and by the glass and ceramics industries. Zircon mixed with praseodymium (Pr) or vanadium (V) makes blue and yellow pigments for glazing pottery.Ĭubic zirconia (crystalline form of zirconium dioxide) is a synthetic gemstone, The colourless stones, when cut, resemble diamonds. Zircon (ZrSiO 4) is a natural semi-precious gemstone and has a high index of refraction that found in a variety of colours. Zirconium is used extensively by the chemical industry where metal is protected by a thin oxide layer, making it exceptionally resistant to corrosion by acids, alkalis and seawater. With Niobium, zirconium is superconductive at low temperatures and is used to make superconductive magnets, which offer direct large-scale generation of electric power. Some Nuclear reactors have more than 100,000 metres of zirconium alloy tubing. It is an ideal material for use in nuclear power station, where it is used more than 90% in this way. Zirconium used in alloys such as Zircaloy ( 98% Zr & 2% Sn, Fe, Cr, Nb, Ni), which is used in Nuclear energy application because of it does not absorb neutrons. Zirconium is used in removal of residual gases from vacuum tubes, and as an alloying agent in steel, in surgical instruments, photographic flash bulbs, rayon spinnerets, explosive primers, lamp filaments, etc. Naming: After zircon, zargun (meaning “Gold-colored)ĭiscovery: Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)įirst isolation:Jons Jakob Berzelius (1824) Zirconium Uses Zr (s) + 2 I 2 (g) → ZrI 4 (s) (zirconium (IV) iodide) Zirconium History Zr (s) + 2 Br 2 (g) → ZrBr 4 (s) (zirconium (IV) bromide) Zr (s) + 2 Cl 2 (g) → ZrCl 4 (s) (zirconium (IV) chloride) Zr (s) + 2 F 2 (g) → ZrF 4 (s) (Zirconium (IV) fluoride) React with Halogens when heated to form zirconium (IV) halides: It reacts with water at high temperatures, producing hydrogen gas: Zirconium doesn’t react with air under normal condition, But If burn with oxygen than It form: Isotopes: 88 zr 89 Zr 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr 93 Zr 94 Zr 96 Zr Isotope Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) Reactivity of ZirconiumĮlectron affinity: 41.1 kJ/mol Nuclear Properties of Zirconium Ionization energies: 1st: 640.1 kJ.mol 2nd: 1270 kJ/mol 3rd: 2218 kJ/molĬrystal structure: Hexagonal close-packed Sound Speed: 3800 m/s Atomic Properties of Zirconium Molar magnetic susceptibility: 1.53×10 -9 m 3/mol Physical Properties of Zirconiumĭensity: 6.52 g/cm 3 (In solid) 5.8 g/cm 3 (In Liquid) Mass magnetic susceptibility: 16.8×10 -9 m 3/kg Thermal conductivity: 22.6 W/(m∙K) Electrical properties of ZirconiumĬritical point (Superconducting point): 0.61 K (-272.54 oC, -458.57 oF) Magnetic Properties of Zirconium Zirconium Electron Configuration Thermal Properties of Zirconiumĭebye temperature: 291 K (17.85 oC, 64.13 oF)
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